• Coenzyme Q10 sperm motility improvement
• There is a positive correlation between coenzyme q10 with sperm numbers, sperm motility, and shape.
• Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters, sperm function and reproductive hormones in infertile men
• Safarinejad MR1. J Urol. 2009 Jul;182(1):237-48. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.02.121. Epub 2009 May 17.

• Antioxidant like Coenzyme Q10 are recommended to adjuvant therapy for male infertility treatment because they help reproductive power.
• The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in male fertility.
• Walczak–Jedrzejowska R1, Wolski JK2, Slowikowska–Hilczer J1. Cent European J Urol. 2013; 66(1): 60–67. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2013.01.art19
• It is confirmed that motility of sperm cell has been highly increased after taking Coenzyme Q10 through analysis using computer.
• Coenzyme q10 supplementation in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: an open, uncontrolled pilot study
• Balercia G1, Mosca F, Mantero F, Boscaro M, Mancini A, Ricciardo-Lamonica G, Littarru G. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):93-8
• Coenzyme Q10 has a direct prevention effect that coenzyme q10 prohibit reducing sperm motility.
• Protective effects of in vitro treatment with zinc, d-aspartate and coenzyme q10 on human sperm motility, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation
• Talevi R, Barbato V, Fiorentino I, Braun S, Longobardi S, Gualtieri R. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013 Aug 16;11:81. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-81.
• It is proven that antioxidants like Coenzyme Q10 has a beneficial effect on male inferility.
• Male infertility: nutritional and environmental considerations.
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• L-carnitine sperm quality improvement
• L-carnitine can increase both quantitatively and qualitatively on sperm motility.
• L-carnitine in idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a multicenter study. Italian Study Group on Carnitine and Male Infertility
• Costa M1, Canale D, Filicori M, D'lddio S, Lenzi A. Andrologia. May-Jun 1994;26(3):155-9.
• In a study of infertile pateitns with prostatic vesicles, Carnitine increased sperm motility and vitality.
• Effects of treatment with carnitines in infertile patients with prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis
• Vicari E1, Calogero AE. Hum Reprod. 2001 Nov;16(11):2338-42.
• The study shows L-carnitine improve the quality of sperm.
• Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial
• Lenzi A1, Lombardo F, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Caponecchia L, Dondero F, Gandini L. Fertil Steril. 2003 Feb;79(2):292-300.
• Combination of L-carnitine and L-Acetyl-Carnitine show improvement of male infertility sperm motility.
• A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia
• Lenzi A1, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Paoli D, Gilio B, Lombardo F, Santulli M, Agarwal A, Gandini L. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jun;81(6):1578-84.
• L-Acetyl-Carnitine alone or with L-carnitine have shown improvement of sperm cell motility of male infertility.
• Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia
• Balercia G1, Regoli F, Armeni T, Koverech A, Mantero F, Boscaro M. Fertil Steril. 2005 Sep;84(3):662-71.
• The clinical result of taking Carnitine in patients with idiopathic spermatosis showed increased sperm motility and sperm number.
• Carnitine supplementation in human idiopathic asthenospermia: clinical results
• Vitali G1, Parente R, Melotti C. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1995;21(4):157-9.
• In experiments with male mice, L-carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 pre-treatment improved semen parameters and could protect sperm formation.
• Effects of L-carnitine and coenzyme q10 on impaired spermatogenesis caused by isoproterenol in male rats
• Ghanbarzadeh S1, Garjani A2, Ziaee M3, Khorrami A4. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2014 Sep;64(9):449-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1361103. Epub 2013 Nov 27.

• L-arginine sperm damage prevention and motility improvement
• L-carnitine increases the biosynthesis of nitrogen oxide, which prevents sperm damaged from lipid peroxidation.
• Mechanism of action of L-arginine on the vitality of spermatozoa is primarily through increased biosynthesis of nitric oxide
• Srivastava S1, Desai P, Coutinho E, Govil G. Biol Reprod. 2006 May;74(5):954-8. Epub 2006 Jan 25.
• Intaking L-arginine for male who are infertility with reducing sperm motility shows improvement of sperm motility without side effects.
• L-arginine and male infertility
• [Article in Italian] Scibona M1, Meschini P, Capparelli S, Pecori C, Rossi P, Menchini Fabris GF. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 1994 Dec;46(4):251-3.